How Effective is the Flu Vaccine?

National Library of Medicine: “Prevention and control of influenza with vaccines: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP), 2010.”

CDC: “2018-19 Influenza Illnesses, Medical Visits, Hospitalizations, and Deaths Averted by Vaccination,” “Misconceptions about Seasonal Flu and Flu Vaccines,” “Vaccine Effectiveness: How Well Do the Flu Vaccines Work?” “CDC Seasonal Flu Vaccine Effectiveness Studies,” “Past Seasons Vaccine Effectiveness Estimates,” “Influenza Historic Timeline,” “Types of Influenza Viruses,” “Selecting Viruses for the Seasonal Influenza Vaccine,” “CDC Study Finds Flu Vaccine Saves Children’s Lives,” “How Influenza (Flu) Vaccines Are Made,” “Seasonal Influenza Vaccine Supply for the U.S. 2020-2021 Influenza Season.”

National Opinion Research Center (NORC) at the University of Chicago: “37% of Americans Do Not Plan to Get a Flu Shot This Season.”

Joshua Petrie, PhD, research investigator, Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health.

Michael L. Jackson, PhD, associate investigator, Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute.

Jeffrey Shaman, PhD, professor, environmental health sciences, and director, climate and health program, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health.

American Society for Microbiology: “A Universal Influenza Vaccine: How Close Are We?”

LiveScience: “Scientists may be ‘on the cusp’ of a universal flu vaccine.”